Always meditate on whatever provokes resentment

when dissimilar metals are joined,
metallurgical incompatibility the refusal to fuse
often results in brittle intermetallic compounds,
weakening the weld.

To address this, a nickel interlayer is commonly used—
yet much of it is lost:
material expelled from the joint,
discarded thrown away.

The researchers introduced a taper
to the softer end before welding.
The cavity traps what would otherwise be lost.

The interface geometry plays a crucial role
in heat generation, material flow,
and flash retention.

Failure occurred at the more ductile interface—
as opposed to the brittle region
in standard joints.

The softer metal deforms. This is how it holds.